Hydrogen sensing by RGB investigation of gasochromic coloration of MoO3/Pd-coated polyester fabrics

Recently, colorimetric sensors capable of detecting explosive and toxic molecules have attracted much attention for applications in health and environmental monitoring. Here, we demonstrate the detection of hydrogen gas using gasochromic fabrics and evaluate their performance with a commercial RGB color sensor module. For this purpose, first a thin Pd film was sputter deposited onto the polyester fabric and then amorphous MoO₃ films (several microns) were deposited by RF reactive magnetrons in various O₂/Ar ratios (from 2.5 to 12.5 O₂). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) identified the morphological changes of the surface at each coating step and showed that the fibrous structure of the fabrics was preserved after coating of the films, which is suitable for better gas adsorption. Exposure to hydrogen caused the obtained MoO₃/Pd/polyester samples to turn blue-gray at room temperature and the UV–Vis spectra showed an increase in optical absorption. Their sensitivity was evaluated in the presence of different H₂ concentrations from 250 to 10,000 ppm by recording the time variation of color difference (RGB Euclidean distance). A significant correlation was found between absorption spectrum and RGB analysis with respect to oxygen content. The color variation showed a linear behavior with respect to hydrogen concentration for all samples. Response and recovery times, reversibility and reproducibility in the presence of hydrogen gas were also evaluated using the RGB readout data. Overall, the RGB module optimally depicts the sensing characteristics of the gasochromic fabrics in terms of reversibility, sensitivity and reproducibility, which may contribute to their commercial development.     

Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO2 for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light

FeO-doped TiO₂ nanoparticle photocatalysts were immobilized onto the surface of fibrous activated carbon (ACF) via a sol-gel process. As an adsorbent and photocatalyst, FeO-TiO₂ on immobilized ACFs (FeO-TiO₂/ACF) greatly improved the photocatalysis rate of hydrogen production as compared with pure TiO₂ and ACF-TiO₂ under UV irradiation and visible light. The addition of ACFs surface significantly reduced the photogenerated pairs of electrons-hole recombination, thereby promoting the photocatalysis action of doped photo-metal oxides of FeO-TiO₂. Co-doping of FeO onto the lattice of the TiO₂ approach can improve the absorption activity of visible light through photo-metal oxide of TiO₂ and further enhance hydrogen production under visible light. The photocatalytic fabrics (FeO-TiO₂/ACF) were effortlessly split out from the experimental solution for re-utilization and exhibited high stability even after five complete regeneration cycles.     

负泊松比针织结构及其应用

本文对各个负泊松比材料的作用原理进行概括和总结,并简要介绍了目前用针织技术实现负泊松比结构的方案,包括平面经编织物、三维间隔织物、纬编折叠结构织物等。最后对负泊松比结构针织物在服用和产业用方面广泛的潜在应用分别进行了介绍,并展望了负泊松比结构针织物在以后研究中的发展方向及前景。     

莫代尔/涤纶针织用纱工艺设计的探讨

结合生产工艺实践,详细介绍了莫代尔/涤纶(质量比80/20)13 tex针织用纱的生产设计过程。首先对选用的莫代尔和涤纶两种纤维进行性能测试,根据纤维性能及混纺比例确定纺纱工艺流程,再通过计算各道工序半制品定量、牵伸倍数、机件转速等参数调整每道工序所选设备的工艺参数,并进行参数优化,最后测试莫代尔/涤纶混纺纱的性能。通过测试数据分析得出,混纺纱的品质性能明显优于纯纺纱的性能,为企业开发此类产品提供了有利的理论参考。     

Diffuse reflectance behavior of the printed cotton/nylon blend fabrics treated with zirconium and cerium dioxide and citric acid in near- and short-wave IR radiation spectral ranges

Near- and short-wave IR emission spectra of printed cotton/nylon blend fabrics coated with inorganic compounds in order to tune their diffuse reflectance behavior to the ones with woodland and desert backgrounds are investigated. In this regard, cotton/nylon blend fabrics printed with a four-color digital pattern were used as the substrate, and different concentrations of zirconium and cerium dioxide (ZrO₂ and CeO₂) with and without citric acid as a cross-linker were loaded on these fabrics using the pad-dry-cure method. The diffuse reflectance of the coated fabrics with various concentrations of nanoparticles and a cross-linker was first measured by near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Then, fabrics with an optimum concentration of nanoparticles and appropriate reflectivity profiles similar to woodland and desert were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), washing, and rubbing fastness properties. In general, NIR and short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of fabrics coated with ZrO₂ and CeO₂ nanoparticles in range of 1% to 1.5% (w/v [%]) was suitable for matching with different environments. According to the findings obtained from the durability test, it was concluded that the washing fastness of the treated fabrics with CeO₂ nanoparticles was excellent in both environments. FE-SEM images of the treated fabrics containing ZrO₂ and CeO₂ indicated that the presence of nanoparticles on the surface of fabrics in woodland patterns was greater than the desert ones. However, the coated fabrics with CeO₂ and citric acid in the woodland pattern have shown better dispersion with a mean particle size of 30 to 60 nm.     

动态调湿控温立体针织物拓扑优化设计

为研发具有优良动态调湿控温性能的立体针织物,采用双股70 dtex(72 f)的DRYARN^®纱线与30 dtex DRYARN^®纱线包覆30 dtex氨纶长丝为原料,提出了立体针织物拓扑优化设计方法。通过优化设计各控温单元的排列方式,使控温单元按V字、Y字等斜向错位排列,然后采用单面提花工艺对织物进行局部拉伸与压褶以形成褶皱片状结构。结果表明:当人体流汗时,褶皱片状结构里层吸收汗滴并转移至面层以快速蒸发,当人体感到寒冷时,内部空气通道储藏静止空气有效控温;所制备织物的保温率均大于54%,具有出色的控温性能,整体液态水分传递能力达到3级以上,液态水动态传递性能良好,同时保持优良的拉伸回复性能,为冬季运动保暖内衣用立体针织物的研发提供了新思路。     

Exploration and design of knitted composites for architectural application: The MeiTing project

Knitted composites are textile composite materials that consist of knitted textile reinforcement and polymer matrix. Knitted composites exhibit great design flexibility by allowing the customization of shapes, textures, and material properties. These features facilitate the optimization of buildings’ material systems and the creation of buildings with light weight and high material efficiency.To achieve such a lightweight, material-efficient building structure with knitted composites, this research investigates the material properties of knitted composites and proposes a design process for building-scale knitted composite systems. In the material study, this research examines certain mechanical properties of the material and the effects of additional design elements. In the design exploration, this research explores the design workflow of the structural form, element arrangement, and knit distribution of the material system at the macro-, meso-, and microscales. The project of MeiTing serves as proof of the concept and the design workflow.     

中国古代城市形态肌理的成因探析

该文比较了中外城市规划的不同模式，揭示了中国古代城市是粗放的大街廓及自发生长的街巷相叠加的二元城市形态，进而从控制的难易、商业的发展、财政的投入、管理的体制等四个方面，对封建人治政体所导致的中国城市形态进行了深入探讨。     

持久疏水涂层织物的制备及其油水分离性能研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷（ MTES）为原料,采用溶胶 -凝胶法,在 MTES溶胶中引入端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ PDMS-OH）柔性疏水链段,制得聚硅氧烷凝胶,研究了柔性疏水链段对聚硅氧烷凝胶的柔韧性及疏水性的影响;采用浸渍涂覆的方法,在聚酯织物表面负载聚硅氧烷凝胶,固化后制备得到涂层织物。采用红外光谱（ FT-IR）、抗弯模量和水接触角,对聚硅氧烷凝胶及织物涂层的结构、柔韧性、疏水稳定性及其耐久性进行表征。结果表明： PDMS-OH能够大幅提高涂层织物的柔韧性和疏水性,在聚硅氧烷溶胶中,加入 0. 10 mol端羟基含量为 8. 5%的 PDMS-OH时,涂层织物的静态水接触角可达到（ 138±2）°,且具有持久的稳定性;同时,油水分离实验结果表明,制备的涂层织物可以实现以正己烷、苯和苯胺为代表的烷烃、芳香烃类等油水混合物的有效分离。     

Kevlar纤维布/剪切增稠液复合材料制备及防刺性能

采用纳米SiO2和聚乙二醇(PEG200)制备不同SiO2质量浓度的剪切增稠液体(Shear Thickening Fluid,STF),并检测其流变性能;用落锤式冲击实验装置检测纯Kevlar纤维布和经STF浸渍的STF-Kevlar复合纤维布防刺性能。研究结果表明:不同SiO2质量浓度的STF均有剪切增稠现象,随着SiO2质量浓度升高,起始粘度增大,增稠现象越显著,而临界剪切速率基本不变;同层数的STF-Kevlar复合纤维布的防刺性能明显优于纯Kevlar纤维布,防刺性能随SiO2质量浓度的增加而提高。